Hirschsprung’s Disease

2 Pages 621 Words

Hirschsprung’s Disease is a condition caused by non development of ganglion cells in the wall of the large intestine. This occurs in a fetus before birth, this causes a lack of peristalsis in the large intestine. Consequently, fecal matter backs up causing either partial or complete intestinal obstruction. Eventually a bacteria infection can develop in the intestinal tract, which could cause serious problems. Severe worsening of the obstruction can lead to perforation of the intestine which would allow fecal matter to pass into the abdominal cavity which would result in an infection of the abdominal viscera. Hirschsprung’s disease could be congenital, if a parent is known to have this condition especially the mother, than the child is at a greater risk of developing the disease. Also this disease occurs more often in newborn males than females at a ratio of four to one, and is most common in Caucasians. Also children with Down syndrome have a substantially higher risk of developing the disease.
Early symptoms of Hirschsprung’s disease could consist of not having a bowel movement within the first twenty-four to forty-eight hours after birth. Also gradual swelling of the abdomen, vomiting, and fever could occur. Children who do not have early symptoms may show the following: Sepsis and constipation that could worsen over time, loss of appetite, and in some cases delayed growth.
In order to diagnose this disease a careful physical examination is required, and physical findings are dependent upon the patient’s age at time of examination and the severity of the patient’s condition. Establishing the diagnosis also includes undergoing a number of diagnostic studies. An abdominal radiograph which could indicate a bowel blockage. A contrast enema, this is a procedure to examine the large intestine for abnormalities. A contrast agent (barium) is given into the rectum in order to coat the inside of organs so that they will show u...