Cells

3 Pages 850 Words

Proteins made from ribosomes attached to the rough
endoplasmic reticulum enter the lumen of the ER and move
to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. A small vacuole
(vesicle) pinches off the smooth ER and carries the protein
to the Golgi apparatus, where it is further processed.
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Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner
membrane is folded to form little shelves, called cristae,
which project into the matrix, an inner space filled with
a gel-like fluid.
---------------------------------------------------A vacuole is a large membrane-enclosed sac that usually
functions as a storage area. Plant vacuoles contain not
only water, sugars, and salts but also pigments and toxic
substances. The pigments are responsible for many of the
red, blue, or purple colors of flowers and some leaves.
---------------------------------------------------The green pigment chlorophyll, found within the grana,
makes chloroplasts and leaves green. Chlorophyll absorbs
solar energy, and chloroplasts convert this energy into
ATP molecules.
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Chloroplasts carry on the process of photosynthesis, in
which light energy is used to produce food molecules, such
as glucose. Chloroplasts take in carbon dioxide, water,
and solar energy in order to produce glucose and oxygen.
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The energy-related organelles, chloroplasts and
mitochondria, convert one form of energy into another.
While chloroplasts are unique to plant cells, mitochondria
are found in both plant and animal cells.
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Chloroplasts carry on photosynthesis, during which light
energy (photo) is used to produce food molecules, like
glucose (synthesis). Chloroplasts take in carbon dioxide,
water, and solar energy in order to produce glucose and
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