Sierra Club

7 Pages 1762 Words

ake up lots of time and retard the effectiveness and enforcement of the legislation.
In addition to this chaotic turmoil, four steps must be implemented in order to pass a bill. These are initiation & definition, formulation & enactment (legitimation), implementation, and evaluation. The most relevant one of these steps is horizontal implementation when one considers the Endangered Species Act and Clean Water Act. This policy is the process that puts a law into effect after it has been legitimized. Congress and the President set up the initial regulation of the law, but the direct responsibility of regulation is turned over to the states involved. And, of course, workset-like incentives such as taxes, fees, allowances, refunds, and liability are used to enforce the laws effectively.
Horizontal implementation refers specifically to implementation with the federal government, as opposed to vertical implementation, which is at the state and local levels. There are several specific concerns with horizontal implementation which include the breakdown of coordination due to the large structure of the federal government, language difficulties, lack of control due to the threat of success by one particular agency, different perspectives, and direct change of intention due to factors such as voter pressure. It's amazing that in ...