Epistomolgy

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‘LOGOS’ – means word

Epistçmç = Knowledge
Epistemology = the study of knowledge

HOW DO I KNOW FOR SURE?
(Contrasted with doxa = which is a belief or mere opinion)
(How) can doxa (an opinion) = be Epistçmç (knowledge)?

Knowledge = justified true belief (universally true).

Doxa can be justified belief.
3 necessary conditions for knowledge:
1. Belief – (yours/mine)
2. Truth – (it is true)
3. Justification – (you/me justified in believing the truth)

In philosophy there are 2 kinds if knowledge:

Knowing How vs. Knowing That
To do something “know-how”.Cannot be fully verbalizedEg:- your own way of doing things. It is not what epistçmç refers to. Propositional truth – truth in an idea.(propose – idea, offer)It can be fully verbalized.

Declaratives, statements, propositions: the kinds of things we say.
1. Interrogative (question). Is that a door? Are you sure?
2. Explanative (!) What a nice car! Kinds of statements
3. Imperative (order) Shut that door.

Each statement supposes that something is true BUT after saying all those statements, the question “Is that true” doesn’t follow. Invalid. That’s why this cannot apply to epistemology because these 3 statements leave no room for doubt. Already supposes something is true.


* Only declarative statement CAN possess “truth-value”.
E.g.: this is door.
Difference is, in declarative, you can ask “Is that true?” therefore declarative.

Components of any argument MUST be declarative statements. You cannot order, exclaim, or question within a philosophical argument.

One other kind of statement that seems like a declarative statement but it’s not. (But not declarative sentences or “pseudo-statements” such as: men are from Mars; Women are from Venus (!)
Cannot form part of an argument because it is an exaggeration...