Organization Theory And Design

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y processes in the system, such as products or services for consumers.
Another kind of result is outcomes, or benefits for consumers, e.g., jobs for workers, enhanced quality of life for customers, etc. Systems can be the entire organization, or its departments, groups, processes, etc

Organizations and organization theory

The contents which I had studied in whole semester are as follows. I have divided the concepts chapter.


Recent Challenges

• Global competition
• Organizational renewal (to a “Learning organization”: Everyone is allowed to solve problems, flat structure etc.)
• Strategic advantage (fast delivering, information technology)
• Employee relationships (flatter organization, no “lifetime employment”)
• Diversity (changing workforce)
• Ethical and Social responsibility

Organizations are:

1. Social entities
2. Goal directed
3. Designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems
4. Linked to the external environment




Closed system –

doesn’t depend on environment (environment for granted)

Open system -

interacts with environment to survive

System –

set of interacting elements that acquire inputs from the environment, transforms them, and discharges outputs to the external environment.


Organizational dimensions

1. Structural dimensions –

provide labels to describe the internal characteristics of an organization (create basis for measuring and comparing organizations)

• Formalization - amount of written documentary
• Specialization - division of labor, degree tasks are subdivided
• Standardization
• Hierarchy of authority – related to the span of control (number of employees reporting to a supervisor)
• Complexity
 Vertical – number of levels in the hierarchy
 Horizontal – number of departments/job titles existing horizontal
 Spatial – number of geographically locatio...