How The North Won The Civil War

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Why the North Won the Civil War
"You are bound to fail," Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman to a Southern friend: "In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics… You are bound to fail" (Catton, Glory Road, 241). The American antebellum South, though steeped in pride and raised in military tradition, was to be no match for the growing superiority of the rapidly developing North in the coming Civil War. The lack of emphasis on manufacturing and commercial interest, stemming from the Southern desire to preserve their traditional agrarian society, surrendered to the North their ability to function independently, much less to wage war. It was neither Northern troops nor generals that won the Civil War, rather Northern guns and industry.
From the onset of war, the Union had obvious advantages. Quite simply, the North had large amounts of just about everything that the South did not, including resources that the Confederacy had even no means of attaining. Sheer manpower ratios were extremely one-sided, with only 9 of the nations 31 million inhabitants residing in the seceding states (Angle, 7). The Union also had large amounts of land available for growing food crops, which served the dual purpose of providing food for its hungry soldiers and money for its ever-growing industries. The South, on the other hand, devoted most of what usable land it had exclusively to its main cash crop: cotton (Catton, The Coming Fury, 38). Raw materials were almost entirely concentrated in Northern mines and refining industries. Railroads and telegraph lines, the lifelines of any army at the time, traced paths all across the Northern countryside but left the South isolated, outdated, developed in the form of economic colonialism.
The final blow to the Confederacy was a modern South that was all too willing to sell what little raw materials they possessed to Northern industry for any ...